https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_of_measurement
List of unit, unit, biblical unit
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement
1 palm (tefach) = 4 digit (etzba'ot)[2]
1 span (zeret) = 3 palms (tefahim)[2]
1 ell (amah) = 2 spans (zeret)[2]
1 mil (mil) = 2000 ells (amot)
1 parasang (parasa) = 4 mils (milin)
The biblical ell is closely related to the cubit, but two different factors are given in the Bible; Ezekiel's measurements imply that the ell was equal to 1 cubit plus 1 palm (Tefah),[3][4] while elsewhere in the Bible, the ell is equated with 1 cubit exactly.
The Books of Samuel portray the Temple as having a Phoenician architect, and in Phoenicia it was the Babylonian ell which was used to measure the size of parts of ships
Talmudic
1 double palm (hasit) = 2 palms (tefah)
1 pace (pesiah) = 1 ell (amah)
1 stadium (ris) = 1600 palms (2/15 mile) (tefah).[10] Others say that 1 stadium was equivalent to 470–500 cubits.[11]
1 day's journey (derekh yom) = 10 parasangs (parasa)
"Searah" (Hebrew: שערה) - (pl. searot) hair, square 1/36 of a geris
"Adashah" (Hebrew: עדשה) - (pl. adashot) lentils, 1/9 of a geris
"Geris" (Hebrew: גריס) - (pl. gerisin) hulled fava bean, a circle with a diameter of about 2 centimeters (0.8 in)
"Amah al amah" (Hebrew: אמה על אמה) - (pl. amot) square cubit 0.232 to 0.328 m2 (2.50-3.53 ft2)
"Beit rova" (Hebrew: בית רובע) - (pl. batei rova) space for sowing ¼ of a kav 24 to 34.5 m2 (258–372 ft2)
"Beit seah" (Hebrew: בית סאה) - (pl. batei seah) space for sowing a seah 576 to 829.5 m2 (689-992 yd2)
"Beit kor" (Hebrew: בית כור) - (pl. batei kor) space for sowing a kor of seed, or what is 30 seah in volume; the area needed is appx. 1.73 to 2.48 hectares (4.27-6.15 acres), or about 23,000 m2 in area.[18]
Dry measure
6 Eggs (Beitza) = 1 Log
4 Log = 1 Kab
6 Kav = 1 Se'ah
3 Se'ah = 1 Eiphah
5 Eipha = 1 Lethek
2 Letek = 1 Kor
The Omer, which the Torah mentions as being equal to one-tenth of an Eiphah,[19] is equivalent to the capacity of 43.2 eggs, or what is also known as one-tenth of three seahs.[20] In dry weight, the omer weighed between 1.560 kg. to 1.770 kg., being the quantity of flour required to separate therefrom the dough offering.[21]
Liquid measure
Edit
For liquid measure, the main units were the Log, Hin, and Bath, related as follows:
1 Hin = 12 Logs[24]
1 Bath = 6 Hin[25]
The Bath, equal to 72 Logs, is thus the liquid equivalent of the Ephah, also equal to 72 Logs.
the bath may be archaeologically determined to have been about 22 liters (5.75 US gal) from a study of jar remains marked 'bath' and 'royal bath' from Tell Beit Mirsim.
1 shekel = 24 giru
1 mina = 60 shekels (later 100 zuz)
1 talent = 60 mina
Gradually, the system was reformed, perhaps under the influence of Egypt, so that a mina was worth only 50 shekels rather than 60; to achieve this, the shekel remained the same weight, while the weight of the standard mina was reduced. Moses mandated that the standard coinage would be in single shekels of silver; thus each shekel coin would constitute about 15.86 grams (0.51 troy ounces) of pure silver. In Judea, the Biblical shekel was initially worth about 3⅓ denarii, but over time the measurement had enlarged so that it would be worth exactly four denarii.[1]
Pruta" (pl. prutot) - a copper coin (Hebrew פרוטה prutah) - 22 mg (0.34 troy grains)
"Issar" (pl. issarim) - a Roman copper coin (As) - 177 mg (2.732 troy grains)
"Pundion" (pl. pundionim) - a Roman copper coin (Dupondius) - 349 mg (5.4 troy grains)
"Ma'ah" (pl. ma'ot = "money") - a silver coin, (Hebrew gerah) - 699 mg (10.8 troy grains)
In Hebrew it is called a Gerah (as in twenty gerah is a Shekel, Exodus); (litt. grain; also gram derives from it).
"Dinar" (pl. Dinarim) - a Roman silver coin (Denarius (pl. denarii, (Hebrew Zuz, pl. zuzim) - 4.26 grams (0.137 ozt)
In Hebrew, a silver Dinar was called a "Zuz" to avoid confusion with the gold Dinar.
"Shekel" (pl. shkalim) - a Jewish silver coin (Shekel, (Hebrew שקל) - 14 g
Moses instituted it as the standard coinage. From 8.39 to 15.86 grams (0.27-0.51 troy ounces) of pure silver (Chazon Ish).
Main article: Shekel
"Pim" - a weight discovered by archaeologists in the form of the pim weight. About 7.6 grams, or 2⁄3 shekel.
"Sela" (pl. selo'im) - a silver coin (Tetradrachm) - 17.1 grams (0.55 ozt) (a sela equals two shekel).
The Thaler, Taler and finally the Dollar derive from it.
Dinar (pl. dinarim or dinerei) - a Roman gold coin (Aureus) (Hebrew "Dinerei zahav") - 7.99 grams (0.257 ozt) of gold (106.25 grams or 3.416 ozt in silver)
"Minah" (pl. ) - a silver coin - 424.87 grams (13.66 ozt) - equivalent with maneh which is 100 zuzim.
"Kikar" (pl. kikarim) - as a gold weight, equivalent to a talent of gold - 3000 shekel
By Talmudic times, the Babylonian system of dividing up the day (from sunset to sunrise, and sunrise to sunset), into hours (Hebrew: שעה, sha'ah), parts (Hebrew: חלק, heleq, plural halaqim), and moments (Hebrew: רגע, rega, plural rega'im), had been adopted; the relationship of these units was:
1 part (heleq) = 76 moments (rega'im) (each moment, rega, is 0.04386 of a second; 22.8 rega'im is 1 second)
1 hour (sha'ah) = 1080 parts (halaqim) (each heleq is 3⅓ seconds)
1 day = 24 hours (sha'ah)
Akkadian-Sumer phase, the load (talent) as a measure of weight was divided into 60 minas, each of which was subdivided into 60 shekels
The Scandinavian mile is now defined as 10 km, the Chinese jin is now defined as 0.5 kg, and the Dutch ons is now defined as 100 g.
The Scandinavian mile is now defined as 10 km, the Chinese jin is now defined as 0.5 kg, and the Dutch ons is now defined as 100 g.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_measurement
List of unit, unit, biblical unit
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement
1 palm (tefach) = 4 digit (etzba'ot)[2]
1 span (zeret) = 3 palms (tefahim)[2]
1 ell (amah) = 2 spans (zeret)[2]
1 mil (mil) = 2000 ells (amot)
1 parasang (parasa) = 4 mils (milin)
The biblical ell is closely related to the cubit, but two different factors are given in the Bible; Ezekiel's measurements imply that the ell was equal to 1 cubit plus 1 palm (Tefah),[3][4] while elsewhere in the Bible, the ell is equated with 1 cubit exactly.
The Books of Samuel portray the Temple as having a Phoenician architect, and in Phoenicia it was the Babylonian ell which was used to measure the size of parts of ships
Talmudic
1 double palm (hasit) = 2 palms (tefah)
1 pace (pesiah) = 1 ell (amah)
1 stadium (ris) = 1600 palms (2/15 mile) (tefah).[10] Others say that 1 stadium was equivalent to 470–500 cubits.[11]
1 day's journey (derekh yom) = 10 parasangs (parasa)
"Searah" (Hebrew: שערה) - (pl. searot) hair, square 1/36 of a geris
"Adashah" (Hebrew: עדשה) - (pl. adashot) lentils, 1/9 of a geris
"Geris" (Hebrew: גריס) - (pl. gerisin) hulled fava bean, a circle with a diameter of about 2 centimeters (0.8 in)
"Amah al amah" (Hebrew: אמה על אמה) - (pl. amot) square cubit 0.232 to 0.328 m2 (2.50-3.53 ft2)
"Beit rova" (Hebrew: בית רובע) - (pl. batei rova) space for sowing ¼ of a kav 24 to 34.5 m2 (258–372 ft2)
"Beit seah" (Hebrew: בית סאה) - (pl. batei seah) space for sowing a seah 576 to 829.5 m2 (689-992 yd2)
"Beit kor" (Hebrew: בית כור) - (pl. batei kor) space for sowing a kor of seed, or what is 30 seah in volume; the area needed is appx. 1.73 to 2.48 hectares (4.27-6.15 acres), or about 23,000 m2 in area.[18]
Dry measure
6 Eggs (Beitza) = 1 Log
4 Log = 1 Kab
6 Kav = 1 Se'ah
3 Se'ah = 1 Eiphah
5 Eipha = 1 Lethek
2 Letek = 1 Kor
The Omer, which the Torah mentions as being equal to one-tenth of an Eiphah,[19] is equivalent to the capacity of 43.2 eggs, or what is also known as one-tenth of three seahs.[20] In dry weight, the omer weighed between 1.560 kg. to 1.770 kg., being the quantity of flour required to separate therefrom the dough offering.[21]
Liquid measure
Edit
For liquid measure, the main units were the Log, Hin, and Bath, related as follows:
1 Hin = 12 Logs[24]
1 Bath = 6 Hin[25]
The Bath, equal to 72 Logs, is thus the liquid equivalent of the Ephah, also equal to 72 Logs.
the bath may be archaeologically determined to have been about 22 liters (5.75 US gal) from a study of jar remains marked 'bath' and 'royal bath' from Tell Beit Mirsim.
1 shekel = 24 giru
1 mina = 60 shekels (later 100 zuz)
1 talent = 60 mina
Gradually, the system was reformed, perhaps under the influence of Egypt, so that a mina was worth only 50 shekels rather than 60; to achieve this, the shekel remained the same weight, while the weight of the standard mina was reduced. Moses mandated that the standard coinage would be in single shekels of silver; thus each shekel coin would constitute about 15.86 grams (0.51 troy ounces) of pure silver. In Judea, the Biblical shekel was initially worth about 3⅓ denarii, but over time the measurement had enlarged so that it would be worth exactly four denarii.[1]
Pruta" (pl. prutot) - a copper coin (Hebrew פרוטה prutah) - 22 mg (0.34 troy grains)
"Issar" (pl. issarim) - a Roman copper coin (As) - 177 mg (2.732 troy grains)
"Pundion" (pl. pundionim) - a Roman copper coin (Dupondius) - 349 mg (5.4 troy grains)
"Ma'ah" (pl. ma'ot = "money") - a silver coin, (Hebrew gerah) - 699 mg (10.8 troy grains)
In Hebrew it is called a Gerah (as in twenty gerah is a Shekel, Exodus); (litt. grain; also gram derives from it).
"Dinar" (pl. Dinarim) - a Roman silver coin (Denarius (pl. denarii, (Hebrew Zuz, pl. zuzim) - 4.26 grams (0.137 ozt)
In Hebrew, a silver Dinar was called a "Zuz" to avoid confusion with the gold Dinar.
"Shekel" (pl. shkalim) - a Jewish silver coin (Shekel, (Hebrew שקל) - 14 g
Moses instituted it as the standard coinage. From 8.39 to 15.86 grams (0.27-0.51 troy ounces) of pure silver (Chazon Ish).
Main article: Shekel
"Pim" - a weight discovered by archaeologists in the form of the pim weight. About 7.6 grams, or 2⁄3 shekel.
"Sela" (pl. selo'im) - a silver coin (Tetradrachm) - 17.1 grams (0.55 ozt) (a sela equals two shekel).
The Thaler, Taler and finally the Dollar derive from it.
Dinar (pl. dinarim or dinerei) - a Roman gold coin (Aureus) (Hebrew "Dinerei zahav") - 7.99 grams (0.257 ozt) of gold (106.25 grams or 3.416 ozt in silver)
"Minah" (pl. ) - a silver coin - 424.87 grams (13.66 ozt) - equivalent with maneh which is 100 zuzim.
"Kikar" (pl. kikarim) - as a gold weight, equivalent to a talent of gold - 3000 shekel
By Talmudic times, the Babylonian system of dividing up the day (from sunset to sunrise, and sunrise to sunset), into hours (Hebrew: שעה, sha'ah), parts (Hebrew: חלק, heleq, plural halaqim), and moments (Hebrew: רגע, rega, plural rega'im), had been adopted; the relationship of these units was:
1 part (heleq) = 76 moments (rega'im) (each moment, rega, is 0.04386 of a second; 22.8 rega'im is 1 second)
1 hour (sha'ah) = 1080 parts (halaqim) (each heleq is 3⅓ seconds)
1 day = 24 hours (sha'ah)
Akkadian-Sumer phase, the load (talent) as a measure of weight was divided into 60 minas, each of which was subdivided into 60 shekels
The Scandinavian mile is now defined as 10 km, the Chinese jin is now defined as 0.5 kg, and the Dutch ons is now defined as 100 g.
The Scandinavian mile is now defined as 10 km, the Chinese jin is now defined as 0.5 kg, and the Dutch ons is now defined as 100 g.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_measurement
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